Biology Chapter Outline — Science Foundation Course for Class 11 & 12
1. The Living World & Biological Classification
1 Taxonomy, binomial nomenclature, five-kingdom classification, viruses, viroids, lichens.
2. Plant Kingdom
2 Algae, Bryophytes, Pteridophytes, Gymnosperms, Angiosperms – salient features & life cycles.
3. Animal Kingdom
3 Basis of classification, non-chordates & chordates – characteristic features.
4. Morphology & Anatomy of Flowering Plants
Root, stem, leaf, flower, fruit, seed; tissue systems; dicot vs monocot anatomy.
5. Cell: The Unit of Life & Biomolecules
4 Cell theory, prokaryotic & eukaryotic cells, organelles, biomolecules.
6. Cell Cycle & Cell Division
Mitosis, meiosis, significance, cell cycle regulation.
7. Plant Physiology
5 Photosynthesis, respiration, plant growth regulators, mineral nutrition, transpiration.
8. Human Physiology
6 Digestion, breathing, circulation, excretion, locomotion, neural & chemical coordination. (a central unit)
9. Reproduction in Organisms & Flowering Plants
7 Asexual & sexual reproduction, human reproduction, reproductive health.
10. Genetics & Evolution
8 Principles of inheritance, molecular basis, evolution. (a central unit)
11. Biotechnology & Its Applications
9 Principles, processes, GM organisms, applications.
12. Biology in Human Welfare & Health and Disease
Human health & disease, immunity, microbes in welfare.
13. Ecology & Environment
10 Ecosystems, biodiversity, conservation, environmental issues.
14. Is This All? – How to Study
No. This outline is only a revision skeleton: a map of the subject, not the whole of it. Biology is a subject you build on for years, in the higher classes, at college and university, and in any career that uses it, so it pays to lay the foundations carefully.
- Work through the MCQ practice sets in this course, starting with set 1.
- Read your NCERT Biology textbooks for Class 11 & 12 line by line.
- Make diagrams, flowcharts and tables for Physiology, Genetics and Ecology.
- Give extra time to the areas everything else rests on: Human Physiology, Genetics & Evolution, Ecology, Biotechnology and Plant Physiology.
- Go back over any chapter where your practice score is low before moving on.
Recommended Books
Recommended Flow: NCERT → this course's Complete Notes → MCQ practice sets → reference books.
Endnotes
- Five-Kingdom Classification: Monera, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia. ↑ Return
- Alternation of Generations: Important in Plant Kingdom. ↑ Return
- Chordate Features: Notochord, dorsal nerve cord, etc. ↑ Return
- Biomolecules: Enzymes, proteins, DNA vs RNA. ↑ Return
- Photosynthesis: C3 vs C4, CAM pathway. ↑ Return
- Human Physiology: Most important unit. ↑ Return
- Reproductive Health: Contraception, STDs, etc. ↑ Return
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance: DNA replication, lac operon. ↑ Return
- PCR & Gel Electrophoresis: Key tools. ↑ Return
- Biodiversity & Conservation: Hotspots, IUCN. ↑ Return